目前我国城镇基础设施投融资模式分析

在我国经济建设步伐加快,各级地方财政普遍吃紧的情况下,直接财政投资、土地储备制度等传统融资模式已不能满足城市基础设施融资的需求。继之出现的BOT、TOT、PFI、ABS和市政债券的投融资模式市场程度依次提高,共同的特点在于引入SPC作为桥梁将政府与市场在公共物品领域连接起来,这些融资模式合作形式各异,以公私合营和资本市场的力量为城建资金寻找到了更广泛的投资者。本文介绍了我国现行的城镇基础设施投融资模式,如土地储备制度和市政债券等,依市场化程度的高低对这些融资进行了分类分析和比较,指出未来我国城建融资模式的发展方向。     

Internet versus bricks-and-mortar retailers: An investigation into intangibility and its consequences

Intangibility has long been studied as a unidimensional construct with the focus being placed upon the physical element. This paper explores the effects of three unique intangibility dimensions on a consumer's ability to evaluate goods and services, and the perceived risk (PR) associated with the transaction. The authors examine these relationships in purchase environments that include both traditional bricks-and-mortar retailers and the Internet. Their investigation further incorporates prior knowledge as a moderating factor into the proposed framework. This allows for a thorough comparison of the effects and relationships that exist between intangibility and its consequences in general, evaluation difficulty (ED) and perceived risk (PR) in particular. The authors develop hypotheses pertaining to the proposed model and test them with two experiments. The empirical results are broadly supportive of the hypotheses. Theoretical and managerial implications to the services marketing literature are discussed.     

Attribute Identities Matter: Subjective Perceptions of Attribute Characteristics

Recent research indicates that attributes vary along multiple dimensions with implications for how trade-offs are resolved during choice. We present an exploratory study of the dimensionality underlying naïve subjects ratings of attributes on the characteristics commonly discussed in the literature on tradeoff resolution and decision difficulty. Factor analysis of attribute characteristic assessments indicates that subjects view decision attributes in a multi-dimensional fashion, including an importance/loss aversion dimension, an emotional potential/protection from tradeoffs dimension, and a cognitive difficulty dimension. These results suggest that a one-dimensional measure of attribute characteristics, such as a standard attribute importance rating, may obscure some factors determining individual responses to attributes during decision processing. However, the results also suggest that developing a relatively succinct set of scales in order to characterize the dimensions along with subjects response to attributes is a viable goal for future research.     

疏通融资渠道为高新技木产业发展备足筹码

进一步开发与疏通融资渠道，是加快我国高新技术产业发展的当务之急。从国情出发，采用加大政府投入、引导风险投资基金快速发展、发展二板市场、与传统产业互动、知识融资、进行制度创新，鼓励金融机构加大对高新技术企业的信贷支持等措施，是解决高新技术产业融资问题的关键所在。     

论企业风险管理中损失融资的应用

风险是企业经营中不可避免要面对的,意外事件的发生会影响企业的运营,导致企业资金链的断裂,甚而致使企业有灭顶之灾。因而,企业应通过风险管理来降低风险的可能性和成本。损失融资是风险管理的一种,它通过获取资金而支付或抵偿损失。在损失融资中,投保与自留是两种主要的方法。企业应在投保与自留之间进行权衡。     

基于风险共担的供应链融资渠道研究

伴随着现代物流进入21世纪,供应链的衍生服务项目——融资服务正在逐渐兴起。资金周转的压力造成生产商急需相关的融资服务来缓解资金流上的时间风险。在采购融资、存货融资、保理业务等核心服务的基础上,3PL开始了自己的金融服务。但是由于信息不对称,3PL遇到了逆向选择问题。实现风险共担的延迟策略不仅解决了库存成本过高的问题,也为供应链带来了新的融资模式。     

产品市场竞争与资本结构的战略决策

“有限负债效应”理论指出,企业提高财务杠杆导致了产出的增加,但很多实证研究却难以支持这一结论。本文分析了在上游企业外部规模效应较强的情况下,企业债务融资战略效应为负的理由,证明了不存在外部规模效应是债务融资战略的重要条件。企业的融资行为深受财务危机的影响,其中企业规模、产业集中度、产品专用性、R&D支出和行业前景是决定财务危机成本大小的关键变量,因此,以财务危机成本为依据进行决策,企业会自我限制债务水平。由此,企业资本结构的决策应从产品市场竞争状况去考虑,这对我国企业融资决策有重要意义。     

Corporate investment and financing under asymmetric information

We develop a dynamic model of corporate investment and financing decisions in which corporate insiders have superior information about the firm's growth prospects. We show that firms with positive private information can credibly signal their type to outside investors using the timing of corporate actions and their debt-equity mix. Using this result, we show that asymmetric information induces firms with good prospects to speed up investment, leading to a significant erosion of the option value of waiting to invest. Additionally, we demonstrate that informational asymmetries may not translate into a financing hierarchy or pecking order over securities. Finally, we generate a rich set of testable implications relating firms’ investment and financing strategies, abnormal announcement returns, and external financing costs to a number of managerial, firm, and industry characteristics.     

Pricing of off‐balance sheet debt: how do bond market participants use the footnote disclosures on operating leases and postretirement benefit plans?

In this study, we examine whether the public debt market prices information on off‐balance sheet debt arising from operating leases and postretirement plans. We find that bond‐rating agencies price off‐balance sheet debt arising from operating leases and the coefficient on off‐balance sheet debt measure of operating leases is similar to that of capital leases on the balance sheet. Regarding postretirement benefit plans, we find that bond‐rating agencies do price postretirement benefit obligations that are reported in balance sheet but do not price such obligations disclosed in footnotes. We find similar results when we examine corporate bond yields on new debt issues.     

我国企业债券融资决策的影响因素研究

提高直接融资比重,大力发展债券市场是十二五资本市场发展的一大重点。本文首先对企业在银行贷款和公开发行债券之间的取舍做了理论文献回顾,然后以2005年初至2010年底公开发行债券的上市公司及未发行债券的匹配公司为样本,从企业融资决策的角度,实证检验我国企业债务融资方式的主要影响因素。发现与国外债券市场情况相似,企业发展前景、财务状况和企业规模是影响企业债务融资决策的重要因素。